Delphi中的Access技巧集

//在之前uses ComObj,ActiveX
//声明连接字符串
Const
SConnectionString = 'Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=%s;'
+'Jet OLEDB:Database Password=%s;';

//=============================================================================
// Procedure: GetTempPathFileName
// Author : ysai
// Date : 2003-01-27
// Arguments: (None)
// Result : string
//=============================================================================
function GetTempPathFileName():string;
//取得临时文件名
var
SPath,Sfile&:array [0..254] of char;
begin
GetTempPath(254,SPath);
GetTempFileName(SPath,'~SM',0,SFile);
result:=SFile;
DeleteFile(PChar(result));
end;

//=============================================================================
// Procedure: CreateAccessFile
// Author : ysai
// Date : 2003-01-27
// Arguments: FileName:String;PassWord:string=''
// Result : boolean
//=============================================================================
function CreateAccessFile(FileName:String;PassWord:string=''):boolean;
//建立Access文件，如果文件存在则失败
var
STempFileName:string;
vCatalog:OleVariant;
begin
STempFileName:=GetTempPathFileName;
try
vCatalog:=CreateOleObject('ADOX.Catalog');
vCatalog.Create(format(SConnectionString,[STempFileName,PassWord]));
result:=CopyFile(PChar(STempFileName),PChar(FileName),True);
DeleteFile(STempFileName);
except
result:=false;
end;
end;

//=============================================================================
// Procedure: CompactDatabase
// Author : ysai
// Date : 2003-01-27
// Arguments: AFileName,APassWord:string
// Result : boolean
//=============================================================================
function CompactDatabase(AFileName,APassWord:string):boolean;
//压缩与修复数据库,覆盖源文件
var
STempFileName:string;
vJE:OleVariant;
begin
STempFileName:=GetTempPathFileName;
try
vJE:=CreateOleObject('JRO.JetEngine');
vJE.CompactDatabase(format(SConnectionString,[AFileName,APassWord]),
format(SConnectionString,[STempFileName,APassWord]));
result:=CopyFile(PChar(STempFileName),PChar(AFileName),false);
DeleteFile(STempFileName);
except
result:=false;
end;
end;

//=============================================================================
// Procedure: ChangeDatabasePassword
// Author : ysai
// Date : 2003-01-27
// Arguments: AFileName,AOldPassWord,ANewPassWord:string
// Result : boolean
//=============================================================================
function ChangeDatabasePassword(AFileName,AOldPassWord,ANewPassWord:string):boolean;
//修改ACCESS数据库密码
var
STempFileName:string;
vJE:OleVariant;
begin
STempFileName:=GetTempPathFileName;
try
vJE:=CreateOleObject('JRO.JetEngine');
vJE.CompactDatabase(format(SConnectionString,[AFileName,AOldPassWord]),
format(SConnectionString,[STempFileName,ANewPassWord]));
result:=CopyFile(PChar(STempFileName),PChar(AFileName),false);
DeleteFile(STempFileName);
except
result:=false;
end;
end;

2.ACCESS中使用SQL语句应注意的地方及几点技巧
以下SQL语句在ACCESS XP的查询中测试通过
建表:
Create Table Tab1 (
ID Counter,
Name string,
Age integer,
[Date] DateTime);
技巧:
自增字段用 Counter 声明.
字段名为关键字的字段用方括号[]括起来,数字作为字段名也可行.

建立索引:
下面的语句在Tab1的Date列上建立可重复索引
Create Index iDate ON Tab1 ([Date]);
完成后ACCESS中字段Date索引属性显示为 - 有(有重复).
下面的语句在Tab1的Name列上建立不可重复索引
Create Unique Index iName ON Tab1 (Name);
完成后ACCESS中字段Name索引属性显示为 - 有(无重复).
下面的语句删除刚才建立的两个索引
Drop Index iDate ON Tab1;
Drop Index iName ON Tab1;

ACCESS与SQLSERVER中的UPDATE语句对比:
SQLSERVER中更新多表的UPDATE语句:

UPDATE Tab1
SET a.Name = b.Name
FROM Tab1 a,Tab2 b
WHERE a.ID = b.ID;

UPDATE Tab1 a,Tab2 b
SET a.Name = b.Name
WHERE a.ID = b.ID;

访问多个不同的ACCESS数据库-在SQL中使用In子句:
Select a.*,b.* From Tab1 a,Tab2 b In 'db2.mdb' Where a.ID=b.ID;
上面的SQL语句查询出当前数据库中Tab1和db2.mdb(当前文件夹中)中Tab2以ID为关联的所有记录.
缺点-外部数据库不能带密码.
补充:看到ugvanxk在一贴中的答复,可以用
Select * from [c:\aa\a.mdb;pwd=1111].table1;
ACCESS XP测试通过

在ACCESS中访问其它ODBC数据源
下例在ACCESS中查询SQLSERVER中的数据

SELECT * FROM Tab1 IN [ODBC]
[ODBC;Driver=SQL Server;UID=sa;PWD=;Server=127.0.0.1;DataBase=Demo;]

[ODBC;DRIVER=driver;SERVER=server;DATABASE=database;UID=user;PWD=password;]

ACCESS支持外连接,但不包括完整外部联接,如支持
LEFT JOIN 或 RIGHT JOIN
但不支持
FULL OUTER JOIN 或 FULL JOIN

ACCESS中的日期查询
注意:ACCESS中的日期时间分隔符是#而不是引号
Select * From Tab1 Where [Date]>#2002-1-1#;
在DELPHI中我这样用
SQL.Add(Format(
'Select * From Tab1 Where [Date]>#%s#;',
[DateToStr(Date)]));

ACCESS中的字符串可以用双引号分隔,但SQLSERVER不认,所以为了迁移方便和兼容, 建议用单引号作为字符串分隔符.